More conceptual schemes

Dear philosophers,
As I have seen that the popplet about philosophy as a theoretical rationality helped a lot of you I have decided to create two more. One about "philosophy and the problem of reality" and another about "philosophy and the problem of truth".
Here I leave you my schemes.
Write me if you need something else to my e-mail: isabeldieguezg11@gmail.com
Thank you!!

Philosophy as a theoretical rationality

Hey Philosophers,
Here I upload you my conceptual schemes of philosophy as a theoretical rationality. Due to the fact that our society does not know for real the concept or rationality or reason. Because of these it is very interesting to have a look at this topic. For making it even easier I've created this popplet about the subject. Hope you enjoy!

Explanation of the cave's allegory

Dear philosophers,

As I said you I am going to explain you the allegory of the cave. The allegory of the cave talks about some prisoners that are living in an underground cave. They sit with their backs to the mouth of the cave with their hands and feet bound in such a way that they can only look at the back wall of the cave. Behind them is a high wall, and behind that wall pass human-like creatures. Because there is a fire behind these figures, they cast flickering shadows on the back wall of the cave. So the only thing the cave dwellers can see is this shadow play. They have been sitting in this position since they were born, so they think these shadows are all there are.

Imagine now that one of the cave dwellers manages to free himself from his bonds. To begin with, once he goes outside, he is dazzled by the sharp sunlight. He is also dazzled by the clarity of the figures because until now he has only seen their shadow. If he manages to climb over the wall and get past the fire into the world outside, he will be even more dazzled. But after rubbing his eyes he will be struck by the beauty of everything. For the first time he will see colors and clear shapes. 

The joyful cave dweller could now have gone skipping away into the countryside, delighting in his new-found freedom. But instead he thinks of all the others who are still down in the cave. He goes back. Once there, he tries to convince the cave dwellers that the shadows on the cave wall are but flickering reflections of "real" things. But they don't believe him. They point to the cave wall and say that what they see is all there is. Finally they kill him. 

Objectives of the Allegory of the cave: showing the philosopher's road from shadowy images to the true idea s and also illustrating Socrate's courage and his sense of pedagogic responsibilities. 

Thank you for reading me! 

The Allegory of the cave

Dear Philosophers
The allegory of the cave, on video. Looking forward to explain you with my words this story but for now I leave you with a link to a video.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1RWOpQXTltA

I am back

Hello dear philosophers,
I am back! Today I want to explain you my new objectives for the blog. First of all I would like to give you a bunch of definitions of a new unit. This unit talks about a very interesting topic, metaphysics and Gnoseology. Here I leave you with the definitions. Thank you and see you soon!

Methaphysics= is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of existence, being and the world.
Ontology= is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence or reality as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.
Epistemology= is the study of the nature and scope (alcance) of knowledge and justified belief.
Realism= is the belief that our reality, or some aspect of it is ontologically independent of our conceptual schemes, linguistic practices, beliefs, etc. Reality is what you perceive + experience (culture).
Idealism= is the attitude that places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind, in comparison with the world as perceived through the senses. The reality that you perceive from your senses is not true. They only trust their thoughts/ideas as a reality, only one reality, all in the mind.
Creationism= is the belief that that humans, life, the Earth and the Universe were created by a supreme being or deity's supernatural intervention.
Materialist metaphysics/materialism= holds that the only thing that exists is matter or energy; that all things are composed of material and all phenomena (including consciousness) are the result of material interactions. All material.
Dualist metaphysics/dualism= is a set of beliefs that begins with the claim that the mental and the physical have a fundamentally different nature. (Material+immaterial) the world is composed by these two concepts.
Spiritual metaphysics/spiritualism= they hold that matter does not exist, and reality is made up of immaterial beings. They deny the existence of matter.
Monism= the metaphysical and theological view that there is only one principle, essence, substance or energy. (🚫dualism/pluralism)
Pluralism= it distinguishes a position where one believes there to be ultimately many kinds of substances in the world.
Determinism= the philosophical proposition that every event, including human cognition, decision and action, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences ▶️ FATE and FATALISM.
Indeterminism= is the concept that events (certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically (eg. Casuality) by prior events.
Fatalism= a philosophical doctrine stressing the subjugation of all events or actions to fate.
Rationalism= a theory or method based on the thesis that human reason can in principle be the source of all knowledge. Deductive method. Universal and necessary truths. Important philosophers: Parmenides, Plato, Descartes, Spinoza. Connected with IDEALISM.
Empiricism= the doctrine that all knowledge ultimately comes from experience denying the notion of innate ideas or a priori knowledge about the world. Mind: blank paper filled with data from the sensutive experience. Inductive method. Important philosophers: Aristotle, Locke, Hume, Comte, Neopositivipt philosophers. Connected with REALISM.
Innoticism= a doctrine that holds that the mind is born with ideas or knowledge and that therefore the mind is not a "blank slate" at birth, as empiricists claimed. It asserts that not all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses.
Dogmatism= it claims the human knowledge is unlimited and it is possible to know the reality of the hole whole. Underestimates the relativity of knowledge and lays claim to knowledge of absolute, universal and doubtless truths through REASON. Dogmatic attitude: the truth cannot be questioned--> fanatism.
"ARGUMENTUM AR VERECUNDIAM" or "AUTHORITATIVE ARGUMENT"= is a special type of inductive reasoning argument which argues that something is an absolute truth because it has been confirmed by an authority you can trust. We are referring to the Bible, the church, Aristotle and Plato. Related with dogmatism.
Criticism: is a philosophical theory that asserts that we must first judge how human reason works and within that limits we will be able to correctly apply to the experience.
Relativism= is the concept that points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having all the relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. Protagoras was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the profesional sophist or teacher of virtue. He is also believed to have created a major controversy during ancient times through his statement "man is the mesure of all things". Truth is subjective and parcial.
Scepticism= is a position that refrains from making truth claims. It defends that it is not possible to know if universal truths exists. Moreover, although it existed, it could be impossible to understand it.
Agnosticism= is the view that claims that the truth of certain facts is unknown and unknowable specially related to God.

Western Philosophy

PRESENTATION WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

Hope you enjoy, dear philosophers. Here I upload you my presentation about the main characteristics of the Western philosophy and the pre-socratics.

See you soon!

Origin of the Universe

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE - CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY

Welcome Dear Philosophers,
Here I leave you a essay that I did about classical mythology. Hope you enjoy! 

In the beginning there was only chaos. Suddenly, Erebus appeared. All else was empty, silent, endless, dark. Then, Love was born bringing along the beginning of order. From Love emerged Light, followed by Gaea, the earth.

Erebus slept with Night and gave birth to Ether (the Day and light). Afterwards, the Night alone created Doom, Fate, Death, Sleep, Dreams, Nemesis, and all things that dwell in the darkness.

Meanwhile, Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus (the sky) and he became his mother's husband. Together, they produced the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.
Uranus was a cruel father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires and imprisoned them by pushing them into the hidden places of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She tried to get her children to attack Uranus. All were too afraid, except the youngest Titan, Cronus.

Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush. Cronus castrated his father and threw the genitals into the ocean. It is unclear as to what happened to Uranus afterwards; he either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself to Italy. As he departed, he promised that Cronus and the Titans would be punished. From the blood that was spilled on the earth due to his castration, emerged the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinnyes. From the sea foam that was produced when his genitals fell in the ocean, emerged Aphrodite.

Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and had many children. Gaea and Uranus both had predicted that Cronus would be eventually overthrown by a son. To avoid this, Cronus swallowed all of his children. Rhea was angry at the treatment of the children and plotted against Cronus. When it was time to give birth to her sixth child, Rhea hid herself, then she left the child to be raised by nymphs. To conceal her act she wrapped a stone and passed it off as the baby to Cronus, who swallowed it.

This child was Zeus. He grew at the island of Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus designed to make him vomit the other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer, giving him the opportunity to serve Metis' potion to Cronus. The plan work perfectly and the other five children emerged out of Cronus. As gods, they were unharmed and thankful to their youngest brother, they made him their leader.

Cronus was yet to be defeated though. He and the Titans fought to retain their power; this led to the War between the Titans and the Olympians called Titanomachy. Finally Zeus became victorious.